Since I published the first edition of my book Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina and Stress Relief in 2007 (the expanded and updated second edition published in 2019), the world has changed, and people’s health needs along with it.
Stress is now one of the primary conditions people seek to address because not only does this impact their quality of life, it undermines their physical and emotional health. Over the last decade as the benefits of adaptogens for stress-related conditions became more widely recognized due to increased research, demand for adaptogens really took off.
Traditionally, herbal formulas are created for the specific individual, but for most commercially available formulas that isn’t possible. What does work well is to offer adaptogenic formulas for different kinds of stress in a range of people.
What is the true definition of an Adaptogen?
Adaptogens are Herbs that Enhance the Hypothalamic/Pituitary/Adrenal (HPA) axis and SAS (Sympathoadrenal System) function, thus helping to Re-regulate and Normalize Endocrine, Nervous & Immune functions.* They can be stimulating, calming, nourishing, heating or cooling, and moistening or drying, so it’s essential to look beyond just the label that says “adaptogens.” Which one or ones are most appropriate depends on the person taking it – age, gender, health status, etc. These herbs are usually used in formulas along with nervines, nootropics and restorative tonics, which is why skillful formulation is necessary.
Historically in herbal traditions, strengthening tonic herbs have been used as restorative agents to improve immune response, energy, relieve fatigue and enhance overall health. In TCM they are known as Kidney yang tonics, and in Ayurveda as Rasayana’s. While some of these herbs also fit the definition of an adaptogen, many do not.
Which herbs can be considered well-researched Adaptogens?
There are only eight or nine herbs that are proven adaptogens and have adequate research to confirm this. These include Ashwagandha, Asian and American Ginseng, Schisandra, Rhodiola, Cordyceps, Shilijit, Rhaponticum, and Eleuthero. Other herbs that have some, but less conclusive research, I call “probable adaptogens.” Those include Holy Basil, Shatavari, Rou Cong Rong/Cistanche, Suo Yang/Cynomorium, and Morinda/Ba Ji Tian.
There are another dozen or so “possible adaptogens” that have relatively little evidence and may or may not turn out to be adaptogens. Some of these include the Chinese herb Dang Shen (Codonopsis), Manchurian Aralia, Prince Seng, Reishi, Maca, Jiaogulan, Horny Goat Weed and Guduchi. Other herbs often mistakenly labeled as adaptogens are what I call restorative tonics, such as Amla, Goji Berry, Astragalus, and Processed Rehmannia. This last group of herbs are effective and useful herbs, but they do not meet the definition of an adaptogen.
Adaptogens are not a substitute for the foundations of health: adequate and good quality sleep, a healthy diet, regular exercise, healthy lifestyle choices and stress reduction techniques. Still, they can be an important way to reduce the effects of chronic or acute stress. Adaptogens, properly used, can improve our energy, and help us to feel better and be more resilient in the face of life’s challenges.